MIKE213 FM HD Short Description
MIKE213 FM HD Short Description
MIKE213 FM HD Short Description
Hydrodynamic Module
Short Description
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Hydrodynamic Module
MIKE213_FM_Short_Description_HD_.doc/HKH/BHM/AJS/2007Short_Descriptions.lsm/2007-11-19
Application Areas
waves and sediments. Coupling of modules is managed in the Coupled Model FM. All modules are supported by new advanced user interfaces including efficient and sophisticated tools for mesh generation, data management, 2D/3D visualization, etc. In combination with comprehensive documentation and support, the new FM series forms a unique professional software tool for consultancy services related to design, operation and maintenance tasks within the marine environment. An unstructured grid provides an optimal degree of flexibility in the representation of complex geometries and enables smooth representations of boundaries. Small elements may be used in areas where more detail is desired, and larger elements used where less detail is needed, optimising information for a given amount of computational time. The spatial discretisation of the governing equations is performed using a cell-centred finite volume method. In the horizontal plane an unstructured grid is used while a structured mesh is used in the vertical domain (3D). This document provides a short description of the Hydrodynamic Module included in MIKE 21 & MIKE 3 Flow Model FM.
MIKE 21 & MIKE 3 Flow Model FM is a new general hydrodynamic flow modelling system based on a finite volume method on an unstructured mesh
Hydrodynamic Module, HD Transport Module, TR Ecology and water quality Module, ECO Lab Sand Transport Module, ST Mud Transport Module, MT Spectral Wave Module, SW
Wave module:
The FM Series meets the increasing demand for realistic representations of nature, both with regard to look alike and to its capability to model coupled processes, e.g. coupling between currents,
Short Description
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MIKE 21 & MIKE 3 FLOW MODEL FM supports both Cartesian and spherical coordinates. Spherical coordinates are usually applied for regional and global sea circulation applications. The chart shows the computational mesh and bathymetry for the planet Earth generated by the MIKE Zero Mesh Generator
Typical application areas are Assessment of hydrographic conditions for design, construction and operation of structures and plants in stratified and nonstratified waters Environmental impact assessment studies Coastal and oceanographic circulation studies Optimization of port and coastal protection infrastructures Lake and reservoir hydrodynamics Cooling water, recirculation and desalination Coastal flooding and storm surge Inland flooding and overland flow modelling Forecast and warning systems
Application Areas
The Hydrodynamic Module included in MIKE 21 & MIKE 3 Flow Model FM simulates unsteady flow taking into account density variations, bathymetry and external forcings. The choice between 2D and 3D model depends on a number of factors. For example, in shallow waters, wind and tidal current are often sufficient to keep the water column well-mixed, i.e. homogeneous in salinity and temperature. In such cases a 2D model can be used. In water bodies with stratification, either by density or by species (ecology), a 3D model should be used. This is also the case for enclosed or semi-enclosed waters where wind-driven circulation occurs.
Example of a global tide application of MIKE 21 Flow Model FM. Results from such a model can be used as boundary conditions for regional scale forecast or hindcast models
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Hydrodynamic Module
Application Areas
The MIKE 21 & MIKE 3 Flow Model FM also support spherical coordinates, which makes both models particularly applicable for global and regional sea scale applications.
Typical applications with the MIKE 21 & MIKE 3 Flow Model FM include cooling water recirculation and ecological impact assessment (eutrophication)
The Hydrodynamic Module is together with the Transport Module (TR) used to simulate the spreading and fate of dissolved and suspended substances. This module combination is applied in tracer simulations, flushing and simple water quality studies.
Example of a flow field in Tampa Bay, FL, simulated by MIKE 21 Flow Model FM
Tracer simulation of single component from outlet in the Adriatic, simulated by MIKE 21 Flow Model FM HD+TR
Prediction of ecosystem behaviour using the MIKE 21 & MIKE 3 Flow Model FM together with ECO Lab
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The Hydrodynamic Module can be coupled to the Ecological Module (ECO Lab) to form the basis for environmental water quality studies comprising multiple components. Furthermore, the Hydrodynamic Module can be coupled to sediment models for the calculation of sediment transport. The Sand Transport Module and Mud Transport Module can be applied to simulate transport of non-cohesive and cohesive sediments, respectively. In the coastal zone the transport is mainly determined by wave conditions and associated wave-induced currents. The wave-induced currents are generated by the gradients in radiation stresses that occur in the surf zone. The Spectral Wave Module can be used to calculate the wave conditions and associated radiation stresses.
Coastal application (morphology) with coupled MIKE 21 HD, SW and ST, Torsminde harbour Denmark
Example of Cross reef currents in Taravao Bay, Tahiti simulated with MIKE 3 Flow Model FM. The circulation and renewal of water inside the reef is dependent on the tides, the meteorological conditions and the cross reef currents, thus the circulation model includes the effects of wave induced cross reef currents
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Hydrodynamic Module
Computational Features
Computational Features
The main features and effects included in simulations with the MIKE 21 & MIKE 3 Flow Model FM Hydrodynamic Module are the following: Flooding and drying Momentum dispersion Bottom shear stress Coriolis force Wind shear stress Barometric pressure gradients Ice coverage Tidal potential Precipitation/evaporation Wave radiation stresses Sources and sinks
Below the governing equations are presented using Cartesian coordinates. The local continuity equation is written as
u v w =S + + x y z
and the two horizontal momentum equations for the x- and y-component, respectively
u u 2 vu wu + + + = fv g t x y z x 1 pa g 0 x 0
u dz + Fu + t + us S x z z
Model Equations
The modelling system is based on the numerical solution of the two/three-dimensional incompressible Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations subject to the the assumptions of Boussinesq and of hydrostatic pressure. Thus, the model consists of continuity, momentum, temperature, salinity and density equations and it is closed by a turbulent closure scheme. The density does not depend on the pressure, but only on the temperature and the salinity. For the 3D model, the free surface is taken into account using a sigma-coordinate transformation approach.
Unstructured mesh technique gives the maximum degree of flexibility, for example: 1) Control of node distribution allows for optimal usage of nodes 2) Adoption of mesh resolution to the relevant physical scales 3) Depth-adaptive and boundary-fitted mesh. Below is shown an example from Ho Bay Denmark with the approach channel to the Port of Esbjerg
v v 2 uv wv + + + = fu g x z y t y 1 pa g 0 y 0
v dz + Fv + t + vs S y z z
In the Hydrodynamic Module, calculations of the transports of temperature, T, and salinity, s follow the general transport-diffusion equations as
T uT vT wT T + + + = FT + Dv + H + Ts S t x y z z z
s us vs ws s + + + = Fs + Dv + s s S t x y z z z
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(FT , F s ) =
(T , s ) D Dh + h x y y x
The equations for two-dimensional flow are obtained by integration of the equations over depth. Heat exchange with the atmosphere is also included.
Symbol list t x, y, z: u, v, w: T, s: Dv : time Cartesian coordinates flow velocity components temperature and salinity vertical turbulent (eddy) diffusion coefficient source term due to heat exchange with atmosphere magnitude of discharge due to point sources temperature and salinity of source horizontal diffusion terms horizontal diffusion coefficient depth
In the horizontal plane an unstructured mesh is used while a structured mesh is used in the vertical domain of the 3D model. In the 2D model the elements can be triangles or quadrilateral elements. In the 3D model the elements can be prisms or bricks whose horizontal faces are triangles and quadrilateral elements, respectively.
Model Input
Input data can be divided into the following groups: Domain and time parameters: computational mesh (the coordinate type is defined in the computational mesh file) and bathymetry simulation length and overall time step Calibration factors bed resistance momentum dispersion coefficients wind friction factors Initial conditions water surface level velocity components Boundary conditions closed water level discharge Other driving forces wind speed and direction tide source/sink discharge wave radiation stresses