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    Overview of An Engineering Drawing

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    This power point presents essentials of technical drawing. Why/how... Full credit to the author Bhuiyan Shameem Mahmood. What are the main drivers, methods... What are the basic rules and where and how to access the standards that govern the Technical Drawing (Drafting).

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    Overview of An Engineering Drawing

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    zvola100
    350 views39 pages
    This power point presents essentials of technical drawing. Why/how... Full credit to the author Bhuiyan Shameem Mahmood. What are the main drivers, methods... What are the basic rules and where and how to access the standards that govern the Technical Drawing (Drafting).

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    Overview of an Engineering Drawing

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    This power point presents essentials of technical drawing. Why/how... Full credit to the author Bhuiyan Shameem Mahmood. What are the main drivers, methods... What are the basic rules and where and how to access the standards that govern the Technical Drawing (Drafting).

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    350 views39 pages

    Overview of An Engineering Drawing

    Uploaded by

    zvola100
    This power point presents essentials of technical drawing. Why/how... Full credit to the author Bhuiyan Shameem Mahmood. What are the main drivers, methods... What are the basic rules and where and how to access the standards that govern the Technical Drawing (Drafting).

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 39

    Chapter 1 Overview of an Engineering Drawing

    TOPICS
    Graphics language Engineering drawing
    Traditional Drawing Tools Orthographic projection Orthographic projection

    GRAPHICS LANGUAGE

    Effectiveness of Graphics Language


    1. Try to write a description of this object. 2. Test your written description by having someone attempt to make a sketch from your description.
    You can easily understand that

    The word languages are inadequate for describing the size, shape and features completely as well as concisely.

    Composition of Graphic Language


    Graphic language in engineering application use

    lines to represent the surfaces, edges and contours


    of objects.
    The language is known as drawing or drafting . A drawing can be done using freehand, instruments or computer methods.

    Freehand drawing
    The lines are sketched without using instruments other than pencils and erasers.

    Example

    Instrument drawing
    Instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles, and curves concisely and accurately. Thus, the drawings are usually made to scale.

    Example

    Computer drawing
    The drawings are usually made by commercial software

    such as AutoCAD, solid works etc.

    Example

    Engineering Drawing

    Elements of Engineering Drawing


    Engineering drawing are made up of graphics language and word language. Graphics language
    Describe a shape (mainly).

    Word language
    Describe size, location and specification of the object.

    Traditional Drawing Tools

    DRAWING TOOLS

    DRAWING TOOLS

    1. Drawing Board

    2. Mini Drafter

    DRAWING TOOLS

    3. T-Square

    4. Triangles

    DRAWING TOOLS

    2H or HB for thick line 4H for thin line

    5. Adhesive Tape

    6. Pencils

    DRAWING TOOLS

    7. Protector

    8. Scale

    DRAWING TOOLS

    9. Roller Scale

    10. French curve

    DRAWING TOOLS

    11. Sandpaper

    12. Compass

    DRAWING TOOLS

    13. Pencil Eraser

    14. Erasing Shield

    DRAWING TOOLS

    15. Circle Template

    16. Drawing Clip

    DRAWING TOOLS

    17. Sharpener

    18. Clean paper

    PROJECTION METHOD

    PROJECTION THEORY
    The projection theory is used to graphically represent

    3-D objects on 2-D media (paper, computer screen).

    The projection theory is based on two variables: 1) Line of sight 2) Plane of projection (image plane or picture plane)

    PROJECTION METHOD

    Perspective
    Oblique

    Parallel Orthographic

    Axonometric

    Multiview

    Line of sight

    is an imaginary ray of light between an

    observers eye and an object. There are 2 types of LOS : parallel and converge

    Parallel projection
    Line of sight

    Perspective projection
    Line of sight

    Plane of projection is an imaginary flat plane which


    the image is created.
    The image is produced by connecting the points where the LOS pierce the projection plane. Parallel projection
    Plane of projection

    Perspective projection
    Plane of projection

    Disadvantage of Perspective Projection


    Perspective projection is not used by engineer for manu-

    facturing of parts, because


    1) It is difficult to create.

    2) It does not reveal exact


    shape and size.
    Width is distorted

    Orthographic Projection

    MEANING
    Orthographic projection is a parallel projection technique
    in which the parallel lines of sight are perpendicular to the

    projection plane
    Object views from top

    2 5 3

    3 4

    4 Projection plane

    ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW
    Orthographic view depends on relative position of the object

    to the line of sight.


    Rotate

    Two dimensions of an object is shown.


    More than one view is needed to represent the object.

    Tilt

    Multiview drawing Three dimensions of an object is shown. Axonometric drawing

    ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW
    NOTES
    Orthographic projection technique can produce either 1. Multiview drawing that each view show an object in two dimensions. 2. Axonometric drawing that show all three dimensions of an object in one view. Both drawing types are used in technical drawing for

    communication.

    Axonometric (Isometric) Drawing


    Advantage Disadvantage Example
    Easy to understand Shape and angle distortion

    Distortions of shape and size in isometric drawing

    Circular hole becomes ellipse.

    Right angle becomes obtuse angle.

    Multiview Drawing
    Advantage
    It represents accurate shape and size.

    Disadvantage Require practice in writing and reading. Example


    Multiviews drawing (2-view drawing)

    Methods of Drawing Orthographic Projections

    First Angle Projections Method Here views are drawn by placing object

    Third Angle Projections Method Here views are drawn by placing object

    in 1st Quadrant
    ( Fv above X-y, Tv below X-y ) ( SYMBOLIC PRESENTATION OF BOTH METHODS WITH AN OBJECT STANDING ON HP ( GROUND) ON ITS BASE.
    NOTE:HP term is used in Angle method & For the same Ground term is used in 3rd Angle method of projections 1st

    in 3rd Quadrant.
    Tv above X-y, Fv below X-y )

    FV

    TV

    X
    TV

    X
    FV G

    FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION


    IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT MEANS ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP.

    FOR T.V.

    OBJECT IS INBETWEEN OBSERVER & PLANE.


    PP

    VP

    FV X TV
    HP

    LSV Y

    ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS IN FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS

    THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION


    IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT ( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. )

    FOR T.V.

    PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT AND INBETWEEN OBSERVER & OBJECT.

    TV X LSV

    Y FV

    ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS OF THIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONS

    Basic Line Types


    Types of Lines Continuous thick line Continuous thin line Appearance Name according to application Visible line Dimension line Extension line Leader line Dash thick line Chain thin line
    NOTE : We will learn other types of line in later chapters.

    Hidden line Center line

    Meaning of Lines
    Visible lines represent features that can be seen in the
    current view Hidden lines represent features that can not be seen in the current view

    Center line

    represents symmetry, path of motion, centers


    of circles, axis of axisymmetrical parts

    Dimension and Extension lines indicate the sizes and

    location of features on a drawing

    Example : Line conventions in engineering drawing

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