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Lecture 8 NumberSystems

The document provides an overview of common number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal, detailing their bases and symbols. It explains techniques for converting numbers between these systems, including examples for binary to decimal, decimal to binary, and others. Additionally, it includes exercises for practicing these conversions.

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3 views42 pages

Lecture 8 NumberSystems

The document provides an overview of common number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal, detailing their bases and symbols. It explains techniques for converting numbers between these systems, including examples for binary to decimal, decimal to binary, and others. Additionally, it includes exercises for practicing these conversions.

Uploaded by

aw4974919
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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Number Systems

Common Number Systems


Used by Used in
System Base Symbols humans? computers?
Decimal 10 0, 1, … 9 Yes No
Binary 2 0, 1 No Yes
Octal 8 0, 1, … 7 No Yes
Hexa- 16 0, 1, … 9, No Yes
decimal A, B, … F
Quantities/Counting (1 of 3)
Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
0 000 0 0
1 001 1 1
2 010 2 2
3 011 3 3
4 100 4 4
5 101 5 5
6 110 6 6
7 111 7 7
Quantities/Counting (2 of 3)
Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
8 1000 10 8
9 1001 11 9
10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B
12 1100 14 C
13 1101 15 D
14 1110 16 E
15 1111 17 F
Conversion Among Bases
• The possibilities:

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Quick Example

2510 = 110012 = 318 = 1916

Base
Binary to Decimal

Decimal Octal

Hexadecima
Binary
l
Binary to Decimal
• Technique
– Multiply each bit by 2n, where n is the “weight” of
the bit
– The weight is the position of the bit, starting from
0 on the right
– Add the results
Example
Bit “0”

1010112 => 1 x 20 = 1
1 x 21 = 2
0 x 22 = 0
1 x 23 = 8
0 x 24 = 0
1 x 25 = 32
4310
Exercise
Convert 10100011 from binary to decimal.

a) 121
b) 163
c) 199
d) 212
Octal to Decimal

Decimal Octal

Hexadecima
Binary
l
Octal to Decimal
• Technique
– Multiply each bit by 8n, where n is the “weight” of
the bit
– The weight is the position of the bit, starting from
0 on the right
– Add the results
Example

80
7248 => 4 x =4
2 x 81 = 16
7 x 82 = 448

46810
Hexadecimal to Decimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Decimal
• Technique
– Multiply each bit by 16n, where n is the “weight”
of the bit
– The weight is the position of the bit, starting from
0 on the right
– Add the results
Example

ABC16 => C x 160 = 12 x 1 = 12


B x 161 = 11 x 16 =
176
A x 162 = 10 x 256 = 2560
274810
Decimal to Binary

Decimal Octal

Hexadecima
Binary
l
Decimal to Binary
• Technique
– Divide by two, keep track of the remainder
– First remainder is bit 0 (LSB, least-significant bit)
– Second remainder is bit 1
– Etc.
Example
12510 = ?2 2 125
2 62 1
2 31 0
2 15 1
2 7 1
2 3 1
2 1 1
0 1 12510 = 11111012
Decimal to Binary
Convert 100 from decimal to binary.
a) 1111100
b) 1000100
c) 1100101
d) 1100100

1100100
Octal to Binary

Decimal Octal

Hexadecima
Binary
l
Octal to Binary
• Technique
– Convert each octal digit to a 3-bit equivalent
binary representation
Example
7058 = ?2

7 0 5

111 000 101

7058 = 1110001012
Hexadecimal to Binary

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Binary
• Technique
– Convert each hexadecimal digit to a 4-bit
equivalent binary representation
Example
10AF16 = ?2

1 0 A F

0001 0000 1010 1111

10AF16 = 00010000101011112
Decimal to Octal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Decimal to Octal
• Technique
– Divide by 8
– Keep track of the remainder
Example
123410 = ?8

8 1234
8 154
2
8 19
2
8 2
3
0

2
Decimal to Hexadecimal

Decimal Octal

Hexadecima
Binary
l
Decimal to Hexadecimal
• Technique
– Divide by 16
– Keep track of the remainder
Example
123410 = ?16

16 1234

16

77

2
123410 = 4D216
16

4
Binary to Octal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Binary to Octal
• Technique
– Group bits in threes, starting on right
– Convert to octal digits
Example
10110101112 = ?8

1 011 010 111

1 3 2 7

10110101112 = 13278
Exercise
Convert 555 from decimal to binary.
a) 1000101011
b) 1000111011
c) 1000101000
d) 1011101011

1000101011
Binary to Hexadecimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Binary to Hexadecimal
• Technique
– Group bits in fours, starting on right
– Convert to hexadecimal digits
Example
10101110112 = ?16

10 1011 1011

2 B B

10101110112 = 2BB16
Exercise – Convert ...
Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
33
1110101
703
1AF

Skip answer Answer


Exercise – Convert …
Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
33 100001 41 21
117 1110101 165 75
451 111000011 703 1C3
431 110101111 657 1AF
Thank you

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