Number Systems CSE

-271

Course Title: Introduction to Computer Programming

Presented By

Saadman Sakib

Lecturer,
Department of CSE,
CUET
Collected

Number Systems

Location in course
textbook

Chap. 2
 Common Number Systems

Used by Used in
System Base Symbols humans? computers?
Decimal 10 0, 1, … 9 Yes No
Binary 2 0, 1 No Yes
Octal 8 0, 1, … 7 No No
Hexa- 16 0, 1, … 9, No No
decimal A, B, … F
 Quantities/Counting (1 of 3)

Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 10 2 2
3 11 3 3
4 100 4 4
5 101 5 5
6 110 6 6
7 111 7 7
p. 33
 Quantities/Counting (2 of 3)

Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
8 1000 10 8
9 1001 11 9
10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B
12 1100 14 C
13 1101 15 D
14 1110 16 E
15 1111 17 F
 Quantities/Counting (3 of 3)

Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
16 10000 20 10
17 10001 21 11
18 10010 22 12
19 10011 23 13
20 10100 24 14
21 10101 25 15
22 10110 26 16
23 10111 27 17 Etc .
 Conversion Among Bases

The possibilities:

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal

2510 = 110012 = 318 = 1916

 Binary to Decimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Example
Bit “0”

1010112 => 1 x 20 = 1
1 x 21 = 2
• Technique: 0 x 22 = 0
1 x 23 = 8
– Multiply each bit by
0 x 24 = 0
2n, where n is the
1 x 25 = 32
“weight” of the bit
– The weight is the 4310
position of the bit,
starting from 0 on the
right
– Add the results
 Octal to Decimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Example

7248 => 4 x 80 = 4
2 x 81 = 16
7 x 82 = 448
46810

Technique:
• Multiply each bit by 2n, where n is the “weight” of the bit
• The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the
right
• Add the results
 Hexadecimal to Decimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Example

ABC16 => C x 160 = 12 x 1 = 12

B x 161 = 11 x 16 = 176
A x 162 = 10 x 256 = 2560
274810

• Technique:
– Multiply each bit by 16n, where n is the “weight” of the bit
– The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the right
– Add the results
 Decimal to Binary

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Decimal to Binary Example

12510 = ?2 2 125
2 62 1
2 31 0
2 15 1
2 7 1
2 3 1
• Technique 2 1 1
– Divide by two, keep
track of the remainder 0 1
– First remainder is bit 0
(LSB, least-significant
bit)
– Second remainder is 12510 = 11111012
bit 1
– Etc.
 Octal to Binary

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Octal to Binary Example

7058 = ?2

7 0 5

111 000 101

7058 = 1110001012

• Technique
– Convert each octal digit to a 3-bit equivalent binary
representation
 Hexadecimal to Binary

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Hexadecimal to Binary Example

10AF16 = ?2

1 0 A F

0001 0000 1010 1111

10AF16 = 00010000101011112

• Technique:
– Convert each hexadecimal digit to a 4-bit equivalent binary
representation
 Decimal to Hexadecimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Decimal to Octal Example

123410 = ?8

8 1234
8 154 2
8 19 2
8 2 3
0 2

• Technique
123410 = 2322 8
– Divide by 8
– Keep track of the remainder
 Decimal to Hexadecimal

Decimal
Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Decimal to Hexadecimal Example
123410 = ?16

16 1234
16 77 2
16 4 13 = D
0 4

Technique:
• Divide by 16
• Keep track of the remainder 123410 = 4D216
 Binary to Octal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Binary to Octal Example

10110101112 = ?8

1 011 010 111

1 3 2 7

• Technique:
– Group bits in threes, starting on right
– Convert to octal digits 10110101112 = 13278
 Binary to Hexadecimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Binary to Hexadecimal
Example
10101110112 = ?16

0010 1011 1011

2 B B

10101110112 = 2BB16

Technique:
• Group bits in fours, starting on right
• Convert to hexadecimal digits
 Octal to Hexadecimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Octal to Hexadecimal

Example
10768 = ?16

1 0 7 6

001 000 111 110

2 3 E

• Technique:
– Use binary as an intermediary 10768 = 23E16
 Hexadecimal to Octal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Hexadecimal to Octal Example

1F0C16 = ?8

1 F 0 C

0001 1111 0000 1100

1 7 4 1 4

Technique:
❖ Use binary as an intermediary
1F0C16 = 174148
 Exercise – Convert ...

Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal

33
1110101
703
1AF

Don‟t use a calculator!

Skip answer Answer

 Exercise – Convert …
Answer

Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
33 100001 41 21
117 1110101 165 75
451 111000011 703 1C3
431 110101111 657 1AF