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Lecture 8 Conversion Number System

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12 views31 pages

Lecture 8 Conversion Number System

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arsalan.softwares
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Course Tittle :

The Computing Application


Conversion Number Systems
WHAT IS NUMBER SYSTEM…?

The number system that we use in our day-to-day life is the


decimal number system. Decimal number system has base 10 as
it uses 10 digits from 0 to 9. In decimal number system, the
successive positions to the left of the decimal point represent units,
tens, hundreds, thousands and so on.
COMPLEMENT OF NUMBER

One's complement: In binary system, if each 1 is replaced by 0


and each 0 by 1, then resulting number is called as one's
complement of the that number.
• If first number is positive then resulting will be negative with the
same magnitude and vice versa.

• In binary arithmetic 1’s complement of a binary number


N is obtained by the formula = (2^n – 1) – N
Where n is the no of bits in binary number N.
EXAMPLE
Convert binary number 111001101 to 1’s complement.
Method:
N = 111001101
n=9
2^n = 256 = 100000000
2^n -1 = 255 = 11111111
1’s complement of N = (100000000 – 1) -111001101
011111111
– 111001101
= 000110010
Answer:
1’s complement of N is 000110010
TWO'S COMPLEMENT

Two's complement: If 1 is added to the complement of a


number then resulting number is known as two's
complement.
• If MSB is 0 then the number is positive else if MSB is 1
then the number is negative.
• 2’s complement of a binary number N is obtained by the
formula (2^n) – N ,Where n is the no of bits in number
N
EXAMPLE
• Convert binary number 111001101 to 2’s complement
• Method:
2’s complement of a binary no can be obtained by two step process
Step 1
1’s complement of number N = 000110010
Step 2
1’s complement + 1
000110010
+ 000000001
=
000110011
Answer
2’s
complement
of a binary no
CONVERSION
CONVERSION AMONG BASES

• The possibilities:

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
EXAMPLE

(25)10 = 110012 = 318 = 1916

Base
BINARY TO DECIMAL

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
BINARY TO DECIMAL

• Technique
• Multiply each bit by 2n, where n is the “weight” of the bit
• The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on
the right
• Add the results
EXAMPLE
Bit “0”

1010112 => 1 x = 1
20
1 x = 2
0 x 21 = 0
1 x = 8
0 x 22 = 0
1 x 23 = 32

24
4310

25
OCTAL TO DECIMAL

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
OCTAL TO DECIMAL

• Technique
• Multiply each bit by 8n, where n is the “weight” of the bit
• The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the
right
• Add the results
EXAMPLE

7248 => 4 x 80 = 4
2 x 81 = 16
7 x 82 = 448
46810
HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL

• Technique
• Multiply each bit by 16n, where n is the “weight” of the bit
• The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on
the right
• Add the results
EXAMPLE

ABC16 => C x 160 = 12 x 1 = 12


B x 161 = 11 x 16 = 176
A x 162 = 10 x 256 = 2560
274810
HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY

• Technique
• Convert each hexadecimal digit to a 4-bit equivalent
binary representation
EXAMPLE

10AF16 = ?2

1 0 A F

0001 0000 1010 1111

10AF16 = 00010000101011112
DECIMAL TO BINARY

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
DECIMAL TO BINARY

• Technique
• Divide by two, keep track of the remainder
• First remainder is bit 0 (LSB, least-significant
bit)
• Second remainder is bit 1
• Etc.
EXAMPLE
12510 = ?2 2 125
2 62 1
2 31 0

2 15 1

2 7 1

2 3 1
2 1 1
0 1

12510 = 11111012
OCTAL TO BINARY

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
OCTAL TO BINARY

• Technique
• Convert each octal digit to a 3-bit equivalent
binary representation
EXAMPLE

7058 = ?2

7 0 5

111 000 101

7058 = 1110001012
OCTAL TO HEXADECIMAL

• 132 8 = (?) 16
• Octal ↔ Binary ↔ Hex

0010110102 = 5
A 16

1 3 2 0101 1 01
0
FRACTIONS

• Binary to decimal

10.1011 => 1 x 2-4 = 0.0625


1 x 2-3 = 0.125
0 x 2-2 = 0.0
1 x 2-1 = 0.5
0 x 20 = 0.0
1 x 21 = 2.0
2.6875
Thank You all

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