ERV3

ERV3-1
식별자
에일리어스	ERV3-1, ERV-R, ERV3, ERVR, HERV-R, HERVR, envR, 내인성 레트로바이러스 그룹 3 멤버 1, 엔벨로프
외부 ID	OMIM: 131170 HomoloGene: 128310 GenCard: EERV3-1
RNA발현패턴
	상단 표시 위치:
	좌부신; ; 단구; ; 담낭; ; 신경절 융기; ; 랑게르한스 섬; ; 오른쪽 폐; ; 소침샘; ; 아킬레스건; ; 부록; ; 우측 자궁관;
	없음
	추가 참조 표현식 데이터
	추가 참조 표현식 데이터
유전자 존재론
분자 함수	분자 기능;
셀룰러 컴포넌트	바이러스 외피; 비리온; 세포외 엑소좀;
생물학적 과정	생물학적 과정;
	출처:아미고 / QuickGO
맞춤법
	2086
	없음
	없음
	없음
	문제 14264
	없음
	NM_001007253; NM_001396062
	없음
	NP_001007254
	없음
	위키데이터
인간 보기/편집

HERV-R_7q21.2 프로바이러스의 조상 외피(Env) 폴리단백질은 인체에서 ERV3 ^[2]^[3]^[4]유전자에 의해 암호화되는 단백질이다.

기능.

인간 게놈은 인간 ^[5]게놈의 약 7-8%를 구성하는 인간 내인성 레트로바이러스(HERV)를 포함한 많은 레트로 요소들을 포함하고 있다.가장 많이 연구된 HERV 중 하나인 ERV3는 3천만 년에서 4천만 년 전에 통합되었다고 생각되며 고릴라를 제외하고 고등 영장류에 존재한다.종합하면, 게놈 보존의 관찰, 전사적 발현의 검출, 보존된 ORF의 존재는 기능적 역할에 대한 정황 증거이다.Syncytin-1과 같은 유사한 내인성 레트로바이러스 Env 유전자는 세포 ^[6]^[7]융합을 가능하게 함으로써 태반 형성 및 배아 발달에 중요한 역할을 한다.Env 유전자로서의 기원에도 불구하고, ERV3는 세포-세포 ^[8]융합 기능을 배제하는 조기 정지 코돈을 가지고 있다.하지만, 그것은 태아에게 해로운 모성 면역 반응을 피하는 것을 도와주는 면역 억제 기능을 가지고 있는데,^[9] 이것은 태반에서의 높은 발현을 설명할 수 있습니다.

ERV3는 원래 태반에서 세포-세포 융합 기능을 가지고 있었지만, 결국 Syncytin과 같은 다른 Env 유전자에 의해 대체되어 이 ^[10]기능을 상실했다는 추측이 있다.

또 다른 기능적 역할은 ERV3의 하향 조절이 맥락암에서 ^[4]보고된다는 관찰에 의해 제시된다.

레퍼런스

^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Kato N, Shimotohno K, VanLeeuwen D, Cohen M (August 1990). "Human proviral mRNAs down regulated in choriocarcinoma encode a zinc finger protein related to Krüppel". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 10 (8): 4401–5. doi:10.1128/mcb.10.8.4401. PMC 361000. PMID 2115127.
^ O'Connell C, O'Brien S, Nash WG, Cohen M (October 1984). "ERV3, a full-length human endogenous provirus: chromosomal localization and evolutionary relationships". Virology. 138 (2): 225–35. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(84)90347-7. PMID 6495650.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: ERV3 endogenous retroviral sequence 3 (includes zinc finger protein H-plk/HPF9)".
^ Jern P, Coffin JM (December 2008). "Effects of retroviruses on host genome function". Annual Review of Genetics. 42 (1): 709–32. doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.42.110807.091501. PMID 18694346. S2CID 9254616.
^ Vargas A, Moreau J, Landry S, LeBellego F, Toufaily C, Rassart E, et al. (September 2009). "Syncytin-2 plays an important role in the fusion of human trophoblast cells". Journal of Molecular Biology. 392 (2): 301–18. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2009.07.025. PMID 19616006.
^ Mallet F, Bouton O, Prudhomme S, Cheynet V, Oriol G, Bonnaud B, et al. (February 2004). "The endogenous retroviral locus ERVWE1 is a bona fide gene involved in hominoid placental physiology". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (6): 1731–6. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101.1731M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0305763101. PMC 341840. PMID 14757826.
^ de Parseval N, Heidmann T (April 1998). "Physiological knockout of the envelope gene of the single-copy ERV-3 human endogenous retrovirus in a fraction of the Caucasian population". Journal of Virology. 72 (4): 3442–5. doi:10.1128/JVI.72.4.3442-3445.1998. PMC 109847. PMID 9525678.
^ Mangeney M, Renard M, Schlecht-Louf G, Bouallaga I, Heidmann O, Letzelter C, et al. (December 2007). "Placental syncytins: Genetic disjunction between the fusogenic and immunosuppressive activity of retroviral envelope proteins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (51): 20534–9. Bibcode:2007PNAS..10420534M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0707873105. PMC 2154466. PMID 18077339.
^ Chuong EB (October 2013). "Retroviruses facilitate the rapid evolution of the mammalian placenta". BioEssays. 35 (10): 853–61. doi:10.1002/bies.201300059. PMC 4332834. PMID 23873343.

추가 정보

Sasaki T (November 1991). "[Integration and expression of human endogenous retrovirus]". [Hokkaido Igaku Zasshi] the Hokkaido Journal of Medical Science. 66 (6): 794–803. PMID 1783368.
Kato N, Pfeifer-Ohlsson S, Kato M, Larsson E, Rydnert J, Ohlsson R, Cohen M (July 1987). "Tissue-specific expression of human provirus ERV3 mRNA in human placenta: two of the three ERV3 mRNAs contain human cellular sequences". Journal of Virology. 61 (7): 2182–91. doi:10.1128/JVI.61.7.2182-2191.1987. PMC 254242. PMID 2884330.
Kato N, Larsson E, Cohen M (March 1988). "Absence of expression of a human endogenous retrovirus is correlated with choriocarcinoma". International Journal of Cancer. 41 (3): 380–5. doi:10.1002/ijc.2910410310. PMID 3346101. S2CID 46353425.
Cohen M, Kato N, Larsson E (February 1988). "ERV3 human endogenous provirus mRNAs are expressed in normal and malignant tissues and cells, but not in choriocarcinoma tumor cells". Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 36 (2): 121–8. doi:10.1002/jcb.240360203. PMID 3356751. S2CID 24591624.
Cohen M, Powers M, O'Connell C, Kato N (December 1985). "The nucleotide sequence of the env gene from the human provirus ERV3 and isolation and characterization of an ERV3-specific cDNA". Virology. 147 (2): 449–58. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(85)90147-3. PMID 3840930.
O'Connell CD, Cohen M (December 1984). "The long terminal repeat sequences of a novel human endogenous retrovirus". Science. 226 (4679): 1204–6. Bibcode:1984Sci...226.1204O. doi:10.1126/science.6505687. PMID 6505687.
Venables PJ, Brookes SM, Griffiths D, Weiss RA, Boyd MT (August 1995). "Abundance of an endogenous retroviral envelope protein in placental trophoblasts suggests a biological function". Virology. 211 (2): 589–92. doi:10.1006/viro.1995.1442. PMID 7645262.
Larsson E, Andersson AC, Nilsson BO (1995). "Expression of an endogenous retrovirus (ERV3 HERV-R) in human reproductive and embryonic tissues--evidence for a function for envelope gene products". Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. 99 (2): 113–20. doi:10.3109/03009739409179354. PMID 7716822.
Andersson AC, Merza M, Venables P, Pontén F, Sundström J, Cohen M, Larsson E (January 1996). "Elevated levels of the endogenous retrovirus ERV3 in human sebaceous glands". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 106 (1): 125–8. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12329612. PMID 8592062.
Larsson E, Venables P, Andersson AC, Fan W, Rigby S, Botling J, Oberg F, Cohen M, Nilsson K (April 1997). "Tissue and differentiation specific expression on the endogenous retrovirus ERV3 (HERV-R) in normal human tissues and during induced monocytic differentiation in the U-937 cell line". Leukemia. 11 Suppl 3: 142–4. PMID 9209323.
Sibata M, Ikeda H, Katumata K, Takeuchi K, Wakisaka A, Yoshoki T (April 1997). "Human endogenous retroviruses: expression in various organs in vivo and its regulation in vitro". Leukemia. 11 Suppl 3: 145–6. PMID 9209324.
Andersson AC, Svensson AC, Rolny C, Andersson G, Larsson E (February 1998). "Expression of human endogenous retrovirus ERV3 (HERV-R) mRNA in normal and neoplastic tissues". International Journal of Oncology. 12 (2): 309–13. doi:10.3892/ijo.12.2.309. PMID 9458354.
de Parseval N, Heidmann T (April 1998). "Physiological knockout of the envelope gene of the single-copy ERV-3 human endogenous retrovirus in a fraction of the Caucasian population". Journal of Virology. 72 (4): 3442–5. doi:10.1128/JVI.72.4.3442-3445.1998. PMC 109847. PMID 9525678.
Rasmussen HB, Clausen J (November 1998). "Large number of polymorphic nucleotides and a termination codon in the env gene of the endogenous human retrovirus ERV3". Disease Markers. 14 (3): 127–33. doi:10.1155/1998/958379. PMC 3850859. PMID 10427470.
Lin L, Xu B, Rote NS (January 2000). "The cellular mechanism by which the human endogenous retrovirus ERV-3 env gene affects proliferation and differentiation in a human placental trophoblast model, BeWo". Placenta. 21 (1): 73–8. doi:10.1053/plac.1999.0443. PMID 10692254.
Kim H, Crow TJ, Hyun BH (2000). "Assignment of the endogenous retrovirus HERV-R (ERV3) to human chromosome 7q11.2 by radiation hybrid mapping". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 89 (1–2): 10. doi:10.1159/000015579. PMID 10894926. S2CID 85042388.
Andersson AC, Venables PJ, Tönjes RR, Scherer J, Eriksson L, Larsson E (June 2002). "Developmental expression of HERV-R (ERV3) and HERV-K in human tissue". Virology. 297 (2): 220–5. doi:10.1006/viro.2002.1428. PMID 12083821.

외부 링크

ERV3+단백질+미국 국립의학도서관의 의학 주제 제목(MeSH)

이 기사에는 미국 국립 의학 도서관(미국 국립 의학 도서관)의 공공 도메인 텍스트가 포함되어 있습니다.

인간 염색체 7번 유전자에 대한 이 기사는 뭉툭한 것이다.위키피디아를 확장함으로써 위키피디아를 도울 수 있습니다.

[1] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid2115127-2] Kato N, Shimotohno K, VanLeeuwen D, Cohen M (August 1990). "Human proviral mRNAs down regulated in choriocarcinoma encode a zinc finger protein related to Krüppel". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 10 (8): 4401–5. doi:10.1128/mcb.10.8.4401. PMC 361000. PMID 2115127.

[pmid6495650-3] O'Connell C, O'Brien S, Nash WG, Cohen M (October 1984). "ERV3, a full-length human endogenous provirus: chromosomal localization and evolutionary relationships". Virology. 138 (2): 225–35. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(84)90347-7. PMID 6495650.

[entrez-4] "Entrez Gene: ERV3 endogenous retroviral sequence 3 (includes zinc finger protein H-plk/HPF9)".

[5] Jern P, Coffin JM (December 2008). "Effects of retroviruses on host genome function". Annual Review of Genetics. 42 (1): 709–32. doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.42.110807.091501. PMID 18694346. S2CID 9254616.

[6] Vargas A, Moreau J, Landry S, LeBellego F, Toufaily C, Rassart E, et al. (September 2009). "Syncytin-2 plays an important role in the fusion of human trophoblast cells". Journal of Molecular Biology. 392 (2): 301–18. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2009.07.025. PMID 19616006.

[7] Mallet F, Bouton O, Prudhomme S, Cheynet V, Oriol G, Bonnaud B, et al. (February 2004). "The endogenous retroviral locus ERVWE1 is a bona fide gene involved in hominoid placental physiology". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (6): 1731–6. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101.1731M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0305763101. PMC 341840. PMID 14757826.

[8] Parseval N, Heidmann T (April 1998). "Physiological knockout of the envelope gene of the single-copy ERV-3 human endogenous retrovirus in a fraction of the Caucasian population". Journal of Virology. 72 (4): 3442–5. doi:10.1128/JVI.72.4.3442-3445.1998. PMC 109847. PMID 9525678.

[9] Mangeney M, Renard M, Schlecht-Louf G, Bouallaga I, Heidmann O, Letzelter C, et al. (December 2007). "Placental syncytins: Genetic disjunction between the fusogenic and immunosuppressive activity of retroviral envelope proteins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (51): 20534–9. Bibcode:2007PNAS..10420534M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0707873105. PMC 2154466. PMID 18077339.

[10] Chuong EB (October 2013). "Retroviruses facilitate the rapid evolution of the mammalian placenta". BioEssays. 35 (10): 853–61. doi:10.1002/bies.201300059. PMC 4332834. PMID 23873343.

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ERV3

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